1.Application of electronics to make home appliance simple to use :
The main objective of this project is to make the home appliances user friendly and simpler to access. With the invention of new components in electronics it made the existing appliances more user friendly, simpler to access and also increased their facilities. This project concentrates on Remote control fan regulator, Wireless switch and Water level controlling by automating the motor which will be useful for home.
Now a day's fan become an essential element in our daily life. It is difficult for the old and physically handicapped person to get up from the bed in order to control the speed of the fan. By controlling the speed of the fan through remote enables us to operate from the bed itself. So it is very helpful for the old and physically handicapped persons. This circuit can be controlled from 10 meter’s distance. It uses a 38 KHz’s TSOP 1738 receiver which receive the infrared signal from TV or DVD remote’s. The speed of the fan can be controlled in five steps. Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for regulation the speed. In this 2 NE 555 IC’s connected in Monostable multivibrator mode and a decade counter CD 4017 is used. Firing angle is varied by using BT 136 Triac.
Sometimes while watching the TV at night due to drowsiness we may feel difficult to switch off the TV at the switch board we just off it with the remote and left the light without switching off. Even though the TV is switched off with the TV remote it is not completely off it consumes some electricity. So there is wastage off electricity. By using this circuit we can completely switch off the appliance like TV, light etc from the bed itself. So we can save electricity. Saving electricity is nothing but producing it. This circuit uses an infrared receiver TSOP 1738 to receive an infrared signal around 38 KHz’s and uses a decade counter CD 4017 and a relay.
At present, most of the people are using the overhead tanks and a motor pump to supply water to overhead tank from under ground sump. There are some situations we may forgot to switch on the motor and the tank becomes empty so we may face the water problem. And in some situations we may forgot to switch off the motor so overflow of water occurs. It is the loss of both electricity and water and if it is summer it cost’s a lot for us. So by using this circuit we can automate the motor. When the water level is below the prefixed minimum level the motor automatically switch on and when the water level is above prefixed maximum level it automatically switch off. So it is very useful.
circuit diagrams
1.circuit for automation of motor
2.circuit for remote control fan speed regulator
3.circuit for remote operated on and off switch
2.Bidirectional photo electric system
Circuit diagram:
Parts:
R1,R4--Photo resistors
R2,R5--20K 1/2W Trimmers (Cermet)
R3,R6--2M2 1/4W Resistors
R7,R8--10K 1/4W Resistors
R9--22K 1/4W Resistor
C1,C2--470nF 63V Polyester Capacitors
C3--100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
D1-D7--1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes
IC1--4093 Quad 2 input Schmitt NAND Gate IC
IC2--40193 Presettable Dual Clock Up/Down Binary Counter IC
Q1--BC337 45V 800mA NPN Transistor
P1--SPST Pushbutton
RL1--Relay with SPDT 2A @ 230V switch
Coil Voltage 12V. Coil resistance 200-300 Ohm
Purpose:
Photoelectric detectors are usually unidirectional, i.e. they are able to detect when someone enters a particular area but not when leaves it. On the contrary, a system able to detect movement in both directions could be useful to control shops, rooms etc.
If installed in a shop it could allow to know if all customers entering the premises have left them at the end of the day. Or, at home, it could be used to switch on the light (or any other electric device) when one enters the room and to switch off the electric device when he or she leaves it.
Furthermore, the circuit is able to control the number of people, as it switches off the electrical device only when the last person has left the controlled area.
Circuit operation:
R1 and R4 are two common Photo resistors placed about 1cm apart and both facing the same source of light (e.g. a beam generated by any type of lamp placed on the opposite side of a door threshold). If a person passes through the door in one direction, the light is prevented to hit R1 at first, then R4: in this case IC2 counts up once. If the door is passed through in the opposite direction, the light is prevented to hit R4 at first, then R1: in this case IC2 counts down once.
The four outputs of IC2 feed the Base of Q1 (the Relay driver) by means of D3 - D6. Therefore the Relay will be energized each time one or more persons (up to 15) enter the room, and will remain in the "on" state until the same amount of persons entered has left the room.
C1, R3, IC1C and C2, R6, IC2D form two monostable circuits, employed to shape the input pulses driving the up and down clock inputs of IC2. The first monostable to be started will stop the other by means of a diode (D1 or D2) in order to prevent an immediate up-down counting (or vice-versa) of IC2.
P1 resets the counter.
Notes:
* R2 and R5 should be trimmed in order to allow proper operation of the Photo resistors, depending by the light source, distance etc.
* For this reason and therefore to allow a reliable operation, a 12V regulated supply for this circuit is recommended.
* The circuit was designed to count up to 15 people. This number can be increased cascading a further 40193 to IC2 thus allowing a maximum count of 255.